Walking Workouts and Challenges to Stay Active Outdoors

advanced walking workouts agility drills for walking architecture tours while walking beginner walking workouts breathing techniques for walking core enggement while walking historical site walks intermediate walking workouts interval training for walking mapping walking routes milestone celebrations for walking outdoor fitness challenges pacing for fat burn preventing overuse injuries proper walking technique setting walking goals tracking daily steps virtual walking parties walking posture and form walking workouts Mar 29, 2024

Introduction

Walking, often overlooked as a mere pedestrian commuter tool, holds remarkable potential as a true fitness catalyst. When approached with strategic workouts and progressive goal-setting frameworks, walking can build impressive cardio endurance, balance control, joint health, agility, and aid in weight management, rivaling even the most popular HIIT programs and gym routines. The best part? Walking requires no extra equipment or steep learning curves, making it an accessible and absolutely free fitness solution for everyone, assuming baseline abilities.

This comprehensive walking prescription guide showcases proper pacing techniques to maximize fat burn potential while preventing overuse injuries, the benefits of shorter, faster sessions, and the strength-building advantages of incorporating ankle weights and balance elements. We also delve into the power of tracking daily steps, which awakens awareness and prompts incremental improvements, yielding compounded mobility returns over the years ahead.

By harnessing simple, deliberate foot strikes and mastering effective breathwork for oxygen efficiency, you can tap into the constitution-building techniques employed by professional athletic coaches. We incorporate invigorating agility drills that engage your core on trails and endorphin-boosting interval speed bursts that can be performed anywhere, powered only by your intention and refusal to be limited by outdated assumptions.

To keep your spirits high and celebrate the small wins along your walking journey, we introduce customizable challenges like virtual walking parties and milestone rewards. Combat boredom and plateaus by mapping out route variety with experiential location themes, such as architecture tours and historical site hunts. Adventure need not require exotic journeys when you can build your constitution simply by healthifying your life, step by step, leaving behind assumptions that undermine your present progress.

Our guide is designed to help you fully utilize walking workouts that match your needs and interests, catering to all fitness levels. We go beyond the tedium barriers that often sabotage sustainable activity adoption, ensuring that you can make walking a lifelong commitment. Let the natural magic of motion capture your dedication to positive change, as you raise your heels and toes, building a better, healthier version of yourself with each stride. Embrace the transformative power of walking workouts and challenges, and embark on a journey towards a more vibrant, active lifestyle.

Proper Walking Technique

To maximize the benefits of your walking workouts and minimize the risk of injury, it's essential to focus on proper walking technique. By adopting the correct posture, form, and breathing techniques, you can ensure that your body is moving efficiently and effectively, allowing you to walk longer distances with less fatigue.

Start by maintaining good posture, keeping your head up, shoulders relaxed, and back straight. Engage your core muscles to support your spine and maintain stability. Keep your gaze forward, about 10 to 20 feet ahead, to avoid straining your neck and to stay aware of your surroundings.

When walking, take purposeful strides, striking the ground with your heel first and then rolling through to your toes. This heel-to-toe motion helps distribute the impact of each step, reducing stress on your joints. Aim to keep your steps relatively short, as overstriding can lead to muscle strain and fatigue.

Proper breathing techniques are crucial for maintaining oxygen efficiency during your walks. Focus on breathing deeply from your diaphragm, rather than taking shallow breaths from your chest. Inhale through your nose, allowing your belly to expand, and exhale through your mouth, pushing all the air out. Find a breathing rhythm that feels comfortable and sustainable, such as inhaling for three steps and exhaling for two.

Pacing is another key element of proper walking technique, particularly when aiming for optimal fat burn. While it may be tempting to walk as fast as possible, maintaining a moderate, steady pace is more effective for burning fat. Aim for a pace that allows you to carry on a conversation without feeling breathless, often referred to as the "talk test." This moderate-intensity level ensures that you're working hard enough to burn calories and improve your fitness, but not so hard that you risk overexertion or injury.

By focusing on proper posture, form, breathing, and pacing, you can establish a solid foundation for your walking workouts. As you become more comfortable with these techniques, you'll find that you can walk longer distances with greater ease, making your outdoor adventures more enjoyable and rewarding. Remember, consistency is key – the more you practice proper walking technique, the more natural and habitual it will become.

Progressive Walking Workouts

To continually challenge your body and avoid plateaus, it's important to engage in progressive walking workouts tailored to your fitness level. By gradually increasing the intensity, duration, and complexity of your walks, you can build endurance, strength, and overall fitness over time.

For beginners, start with shorter, low-intensity walks, focusing on maintaining proper form and breathing techniques. Aim for 10 to 15-minute walks, three to five times per week. As you become more comfortable, gradually increase the duration of your walks by 5 minutes per week until you reach 30 to 45 minutes per session.

Intermediate walkers can challenge themselves by incorporating varied terrain, such as hills or trails, to engage different muscle groups and improve balance. Aim for 30 to 60-minute walks, four to six times per week. Introduce interval training by alternating between periods of fast-paced walking and slower recovery periods. For example, walk briskly for 1 minute, then recover at a slower pace for 2 minutes, repeating this cycle throughout your workout.

Advanced walkers can further enhance their workouts by adding resistance and agility elements. Incorporate ankle weights to increase the difficulty and build leg strength. Start with lighter weights (1 to 2 pounds) and gradually increase the weight as your fitness improves. Be sure to maintain proper form and listen to your body to avoid strain or injury.

Integrate balance challenges into your advanced walking workouts by navigating uneven surfaces, such as sandy beaches or rocky trails. This engages your core muscles and improves overall stability. You can also include lateral walking, high knees, or walking lunges to target different muscle groups and improve agility.

Remember to always warm up before your walks with a few minutes of light walking or dynamic stretching, and cool down afterward with gentle stretches to prevent muscle soreness and stiffness.

By progressively increasing the intensity and variety of your walking workouts, you can continually challenge your body and mind, preventing boredom and maintaining motivation. Listen to your body and adjust your workouts as needed, celebrating your progress along the way. With consistency and dedication, you'll unlock the full potential of walking as a powerful fitness tool, reaping the benefits of improved endurance, strength, and overall well-being.

Tracking Progress and Setting Goals

Tracking your progress and setting achievable goals are crucial components of a successful walking program. By monitoring your daily steps and setting realistic targets, you can stay motivated, celebrate your achievements, and continually push yourself to improve.

Invest in a reliable step-tracking device, such as a smartwatch or pedometer, to accurately record your daily steps. Many smartphones also have built-in step-tracking features, making it easy to monitor your progress throughout the day. Begin by establishing a baseline – track your steps for a week without changing your routine to determine your average daily step count.

Once you have your baseline, set a realistic goal to increase your daily steps gradually. A common target is to aim for 10,000 steps per day, but this may not be suitable for everyone. If your baseline is significantly lower, start by aiming to increase your daily steps by 1,000 each week until you reach a challenging but achievable target.

In addition to daily step goals, set longer-term objectives to keep yourself engaged and motivated. These might include walking a certain distance within a month, participating in a virtual walking challenge, or completing a local 5K walk or run. Be sure to choose goals that align with your current fitness level and interests, and don't hesitate to adjust them as your abilities improve.

Celebrating your milestones, no matter how small, is essential for maintaining momentum and fostering a positive relationship with your walking routine. Reward yourself for reaching your daily step goals or achieving a personal best distance. Share your accomplishments with friends and family, or join online walking communities to connect with like-minded individuals and find support and encouragement.

As you consistently track your progress and work towards your goals, you'll notice incremental improvements in your fitness, endurance, and overall well-being. These small changes compound over time, leading to significant long-term benefits such as improved cardiovascular health, better weight management, and increased mental resilience.

Remember, progress is not always linear – there may be days when you fall short of your goals or encounter setbacks. Embrace these challenges as opportunities to learn and grow, and don't let temporary obstacles discourage you from your long-term objectives. By consistently tracking your progress, setting realistic goals, and celebrating your achievements, you'll cultivate a lasting commitment to your walking workouts and unlock the transformative power of this simple yet effective form of exercise.

Agility Drills and Interval Training

Incorporating agility drills and interval training into your walking workouts can help you break through plateaus, boost your endurance, and add an extra challenge to your routine. These dynamic exercises engage your core muscles, improve balance, and elevate your heart rate, providing a more comprehensive workout experience.

Agility drills are particularly effective when performed on varied terrain, such as hiking trails or sandy beaches. These surfaces challenge your stability and require your body to adapt to changing conditions, thereby improving your overall balance and coordination. One simple agility drill is the lateral shuffle: walk sideways for 10 to 20 steps, then switch directions and repeat. This exercise targets your outer and inner thigh muscles while engaging your core for stability.

Another effective agility drill is the walking lunge. Take a large step forward with your right foot, lowering your hips until both knees are bent at 90-degree angles. Push off your right foot and step forward with your left, repeating the lunge motion. Perform walking lunges for 10 to 20 steps, then walk normally for a minute before repeating the sequence. This drill strengthens your legs, glutes, and core while improving your balance and flexibility.

Interval training, which involves alternating between high-intensity bursts and lower-intensity recovery periods, is an excellent way to boost your endurance and burn more calories during your walks. To incorporate intervals, start by walking at a comfortable pace for 2 to 3 minutes. Then, increase your speed to a brisk walk or even a light jog for 30 seconds to 1 minute. Reduce your speed back to a comfortable pace for 2 to 3 minutes, allowing your heart rate to recover. Repeat this cycle for the duration of your walk, gradually increasing the length or intensity of your high-intensity intervals as your fitness improves.

Interval training is highly adaptable to various environments, from neighborhood sidewalks to outdoor trails. The key is to push yourself during the high-intensity bursts, aiming to reach 70% to 80% of your maximum heart rate. This elevated effort triggers the release of endorphins, the body's natural mood-boosters, leaving you feeling energized and accomplished after your workout.

As you integrate agility drills and interval training into your walking routine, be sure to listen to your body and progress gradually. Start with shorter intervals and fewer agility exercises, increasing the duration and frequency as your fitness level improves. By consistently challenging yourself with these dynamic elements, you'll take your walking workouts to the next level, boosting your overall fitness and enjoying the exciting variety these exercises bring to your routine. 

Customizable Challenges and Rewards

Staying motivated and engaged with your walking routine is essential for long-term success. One effective way to maintain enthusiasm is by participating in customizable challenges and rewarding yourself for achieving milestones. These challenges can be tailored to your personal goals, interests, and fitness level, ensuring that you remain invested in your walking journey.

Virtual walking parties are a fun and social way to stay accountable and connected with others who share your passion for walking. Organize a group of friends, family members, or colleagues to participate in a virtual walking challenge. Set a collective goal, such as walking a certain number of steps or miles within a specified time frame. Use fitness tracking apps or social media platforms to share your progress, encourage one another, and celebrate your achievements together. Virtual walking parties foster a sense of camaraderie and friendly competition, making your walking routine more enjoyable and engaging.

Personal milestone celebrations are another powerful motivator. Set specific benchmarks for yourself, such as reaching a certain number of steps in a day, walking a total of 100 miles, or completing a 30-day walking streak. When you achieve these milestones, take the time to acknowledge and celebrate your accomplishments. Treat yourself to a new pair of walking shoes, a massage, or a healthy meal at your favorite restaurant. By rewarding yourself for your hard work and dedication, you reinforce the positive habits you've established and maintain momentum on your walking journey.

To prevent boredom and plateaus, consider creating themed walking challenges for yourself. Choose a theme that aligns with your interests, such as exploring local parks, visiting scenic viewpoints, or discovering hidden gems in your community. Set a goal to visit a certain number of locations within a specific time frame, and document your adventures with photos or a walking journal. These themed challenges add a layer of excitement and purpose to your walks, encouraging you to explore new places and appreciate your surroundings.

Another effective strategy for overcoming plateaus is to participate in virtual or in-person walking events, such as charity walks or 5K races. These events provide a concrete goal to work towards, often with the added benefit of supporting a meaningful cause. Training for an event can help you stay focused and motivated, as you gradually increase your mileage and endurance. Crossing the finish line of a walking event is a powerful milestone that deserves celebration, showcasing your progress and inspiring you to set new goals for the future.

By incorporating customizable challenges and rewards into your walking routine, you create a sense of purpose and achievement that extends beyond the physical benefits of exercise. These challenges foster a positive mindset, encouraging you to view walking as an enjoyable and rewarding experience rather than a chore. As you celebrate your milestones and engage with others who share your passion, you'll find that your commitment to walking grows stronger, making it an integral and cherished part of your lifestyle.

Mapping Route Variety

Maintaining a diverse and engaging selection of walking routes is key to preventing boredom and ensuring that your walks remain fresh and exciting. By exploring different locations and themes, you can transform your daily walks into mini-adventures, discovering new sights and experiences along the way.

One approach to mapping route variety is to create experiential location themes. For example, plan a series of walks that explore the architectural highlights of your city or town. Research notable buildings, historic homes, or unique structures, and create a walking route that showcases these fascinating sites. As you walk, take the time to appreciate the design details, craftsmanship, and history behind each building, turning your walk into an educational and enriching experience.

Another engaging theme is to embark on historical site walks. Many communities have hidden historical gems waiting to be discovered, from old battlefields and cemeteries to landmark buildings and monuments. Research the historical significance of these sites and create a walking route that connects them. As you walk, imagine yourself transported back in time, learning about the events and people that shaped your community's past.

Nature lovers can map out routes that explore local parks, nature reserves, or scenic trails. Seek out routes that offer diverse landscapes, such as forests, meadows, lakes, or rivers. As you walk, take in the beauty of your surroundings, observing the plants, wildlife, and seasonal changes. These nature walks provide a refreshing escape from the hustle and bustle of daily life, allowing you to connect with the natural world and find solace in its tranquility.

For those who prefer urban environments, mapping routes that explore different neighborhoods or districts can be a fascinating way to discover your city's character and diversity. Create routes that showcase the unique architecture, public art, or cultural highlights of each area. As you walk, observe the vibrant street life, local businesses, and community gatherings, gaining a deeper appreciation for the richness and complexity of your urban landscape.

Remember, you don't need to travel far to find variety in your walking routes. By exploring your local surroundings with a curious and adventurous mindset, you can uncover hidden treasures and fascinating stories right in your own backyard. Embrace the opportunity to see your familiar environment through fresh eyes, and you'll find that even the most ordinary walks can be transformed into extraordinary journeys of discovery.

Accessible Exercise for All Fitness Levels

One of the most remarkable aspects of walking workouts is their adaptability to individuals of all fitness levels and abilities. Whether you're a beginner taking your first steps towards an active lifestyle or a seasoned athlete looking to complement your existing training regimen, walking offers a low-impact, scalable, and effective form of exercise that can be tailored to your unique needs and goals.

For those who are new to exercise or recovering from an injury, walking provides a gentle and accessible entry point to physical activity. By starting with short, low-intensity walks and gradually increasing duration and frequency, beginners can build a solid foundation of endurance and confidence. As fitness levels improve, incorporating hills, stairs, or light weights can add challenge and variety to the routine.

Intermediate and advanced walkers can further customize their workouts by adjusting pace, terrain, and intensity to suit their goals. Brisk walking, power walking, or even light jogging intervals can elevate the cardiovascular challenge, while hiking trails or sandy beaches can engage different muscle groups and improve overall strength and stability.

Walking is also an excellent form of active recovery for athletes engaged in high-intensity training or demanding sports. Low-intensity walks promote blood flow, reduce muscle soreness, and support the body's natural healing processes, allowing athletes to maintain their fitness while preventing overtraining and burnout.

For older adults or those with limited mobility, walking remains a safe and effective way to maintain independence, improve balance, and reduce the risk of chronic diseases. Even short, frequent walks can provide significant health benefits, such as lowering blood pressure, managing weight, and boosting mood and cognitive function.

Regardless of your fitness level or physical limitations, the key to a sustainable walking routine is to listen to your body, set realistic goals, and celebrate your progress along the way. By focusing on consistency and enjoyment rather than perfection, you can overcome the barriers that often derail fitness routines and establish a lifelong commitment to active living.

Walking is a powerful reminder that exercise need not be complicated, expensive, or intimidating. With a comfortable pair of shoes and a willingness to take the first step, you can unlock a world of physical, mental, and emotional benefits that will transform your life for the better. Embrace the simplicity and accessibility of walking, and discover just how far your own two feet can take you on the path to lasting health and vitality.

Conclusion

Walking is a deceptively simple yet remarkably powerful form of exercise that can transform your physical, mental, and emotional well-being. By embracing the accessibility and versatility of walking workouts, you unlock a world of possibilities for staying active, engaged, and adventurous, no matter your age or fitness level.

Throughout this guide, we've explored the many facets of creating a sustainable and enjoyable walking routine. From mastering proper technique and progressive workouts to tracking progress, setting goals, and incorporating agility drills and interval training, each element contributes to a well-rounded and effective approach to walking fitness.

We've also emphasized the importance of staying motivated and engaged by participating in customizable challenges, celebrating milestones, and exploring diverse walking routes that cater to your interests and surroundings. By infusing your walks with a sense of purpose, discovery, and social connection, you create a positive feedback loop that reinforces your commitment to an active lifestyle.

As you embark on your walking journey, remember that every step counts. Whether you're taking a leisurely stroll through your neighborhood park or challenging yourself with a brisk hike on a rugged trail, each walk represents a choice to prioritize your health and well-being. Embrace the opportunity to connect with nature, explore your surroundings, and find joy in the simple act of moving your body.

We encourage you to start where you are and progress at your own pace. Set realistic goals, celebrate your achievements, and be kind to yourself when faced with setbacks or challenges. Remember, the key to a successful walking routine is consistency and persistence. By making walking a non-negotiable part of your daily life, you'll soon find that it becomes a cherished habit that enhances every aspect of your existence.

So, lace up your shoes, step outside, and let the transformative power of walking work its magic. Embrace the journey, one step at a time, and watch as your commitment to an active lifestyle leads you to new horizons of health, happiness, and personal growth. The world is waiting to be explored, and your feet are ready to carry you there. Happy walking!

Action Steps

Now that you've learned about the numerous benefits of walking and the various strategies to make your walks more engaging and effective, it's time to put that knowledge into action. Follow these step-by-step action items to jumpstart your walking journey and create a sustainable, enjoyable routine that will transform your health and well-being.

  1. Assess your current fitness level and set realistic goals:
    • Determine your baseline by tracking your daily steps for a week using a pedometer, smartwatch, or phone app.
    • Set a realistic daily step goal based on your current average, aiming to gradually increase by 10% each week.
    • Identify any physical limitations or health concerns, and consult with your doctor before starting a new exercise routine.
  2. Invest in comfortable, supportive walking shoes and gear:
    • Visit a specialty running or outdoor store to get professionally fitted for walking shoes that suit your foot type and gait.
    • Choose moisture-wicking, breathable clothing that allows for ease of movement and temperature regulation.
    • Consider additional gear, such as a hat, sunglasses, or a lightweight backpack for carrying water and essentials.
  3. Plan your walking routes and schedule:
    • Explore your neighborhood, local parks, and trails to identify safe, accessible, and enjoyable walking routes.
    • Create a weekly walking schedule that fits your lifestyle and commitments, aiming for at least 30 minutes of walking on most days.
    • Consider recruiting a walking buddy or joining a local walking group for accountability and social support.
  4. Master proper walking technique and form:
    • Practice good posture, keeping your head up, shoulders relaxed, and back straight.
    • Engage your core muscles and take purposeful strides, landing on your heel and rolling through to your toes.
    • Focus on breathing deeply and rhythmically, finding a comfortable pace that allows you to carry on a conversation.
  5. Gradually increase intensity and incorporate variety:
    • As your fitness improves, gradually increase the duration, frequency, or intensity of your walks.
    • Incorporate hills, stairs, or interval training to challenge your cardiovascular system and build endurance.
    • Experiment with different walking routes, terrains, and environments to keep your walks engaging and mentally stimulating.
  6. Track your progress and celebrate milestones:
    • Log your daily steps, distance, or time using a tracking app or journal.
    • Set mini-milestones along the way to your larger goals, and celebrate each achievement with a healthy reward or self-care activity.
    • Share your progress with friends, family, or online communities for added support and motivation.
  7. Listen to your body and prioritize rest and recovery:
    • Pay attention to any pain, discomfort, or fatigue, and adjust your workouts accordingly.
    • Incorporate rest days and active recovery activities, such as stretching or gentle yoga, to prevent overuse injuries and promote healing.
    • Ensure you're getting adequate sleep, hydration, and nutrition to support your walking routine and overall health.
  8. Continually reassess and adjust your goals:
    • As your fitness level improves, periodically re-evaluate your goals and walking routine.
    • Challenge yourself with new routes, distances, or workout types to prevent plateaus and maintain motivation.
    • Celebrate your progress and embrace the journey, recognizing that every step is an investment in your long-term health and well-being.

By following these action steps and committing to a regular walking practice, you'll be well on your way to unlocking the transformative power of this simple yet effective form of exercise. Remember, the key to success is consistency, patience, and self-compassion. Embrace the journey, one step at a time, and watch as your walking routine becomes a cherished part of your daily life, leading you to new heights of physical, mental, and emotional vitality.

Further Reading

Credible Medical and Health Web Pages:

  1. American Heart Association - Walking: https://www.heart.org/en/healthy-living/fitness/walking
  2. Mayo Clinic - Walking: Trim your waistline, improve your health: https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/fitness/in-depth/walking/art-20046261
  3. Harvard Health Publishing - Walking: Your steps to health: https://www.health.harvard.edu/staying-healthy/walking-your-steps-to-health
  4. National Institute on Aging - Walking for Your Health: https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/walking-your-health
  5. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) - Walking: https://www.cdc.gov/physicalactivity/walking/index.htm

Articles:

  1. "The Many Benefits of Walking" by Wendy Bumgardner, Very Well Fit: https://www.verywellfit.com/the-many-benefits-of-walking-3435912
  2. "The Secret to Walking Your Way to a Lean Body" by Michele Stanten, Prevention: https://www.prevention.com/fitness/a20485279/walking-for-weight-loss/
  3. "7 Strength Training Exercises for Walkers" by Wendy Bumgardner, Very Well Fit: https://www.verywellfit.com/strength-training-for-walkers-3432996
  4. "How to Turn Your Walk Into a Workout" by Sarah Stevenson, Shape: https://www.shape.com/fitness/cardio/how-turn-your-walk-workout

Books:

  1. "The Ultimate Guide to Walking: For Health, Weight Loss, and Fitness" by Mark Fenton
  2. "ChiWalking: Fitness Walking for Lifelong Health and Energy" by Danny Dreyer and Katherine Dreyer
  3. "The Walking Solution: The Simple Way to Burn Fat and Boost Energy" by Lee Scott
  4. "The Complete Guide to Walking for Health, Weight Loss, and Fitness" by Mark Fenton

Peer-Reviewed Studies:

  1. Hanson, S., & Jones, A. (2015). Is there evidence that walking groups have health benefits? A systematic review and meta-analysis. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 49(11), 710-715.
  2. Murtagh, E. M., Nichols, L., Mohammed, M. A., Holder, R., Nevill, A. M., & Murphy, M. H. (2015). The effect of walking on risk factors for cardiovascular disease: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised control trials. Preventive Medicine, 72, 34-43.
  3. Oja, P., Kelly, P., Murtagh, E. M., Murphy, M. H., Foster, C., & Titze, S. (2018). Effects of frequency, intensity, duration and volume of walking interventions on CVD risk factors: a systematic review and meta-regression analysis of randomised controlled trials among inactive healthy adults. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 52(12), 769-775.
  4. Fagard, R. H., & Cornelissen, V. A. (2007). Effect of exercise on blood pressure control in hypertensive patients. European Journal of Cardiovascular Prevention & Rehabilitation, 14(1), 12-17.
  5. Richardson, C. R., Newton, T. L., Abraham, J. J., Sen, A., Jimbo, M., & Swartz, A. M. (2008). A meta-analysis of pedometer-based walking interventions and weight loss. The Annals of Family Medicine, 6(1), 69-77.
  6. Bravata, D. M., Smith-Spangler, C., Sundaram, V., Gienger, A. L., Lin, N., Lewis, R., ... & Sirard, J. R. (2007). Using pedometers to increase physical activity and improve health: a systematic review. Jama, 298(19), 2296-2304.
  7. Lee, L. L., Watson, M. C., Mulvaney, C. A., Tsai, C. C., & Lo, S. F. (2010). The effect of walking intervention on blood pressure control: a systematic review. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 47(12), 1545-1561.
  8. Murphy, M. H., Nevill, A. M., Murtagh, E. M., & Holder, R. L. (2007). The effect of walking on fitness, fatness and resting blood pressure: a meta-analysis of randomised, controlled trials. Preventive Medicine, 44(5), 377-385.
  9. Hamer, M., & Chida, Y. (2008). Walking and primary prevention: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 42(4), 238-243.
  10. Mansi, S., Milosavljevic, S., Baxter, G. D., Tumilty, S., & Hendrick, P. (2014). A systematic review of studies using pedometers as an intervention for musculoskeletal diseases. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, 15(1), 1-13.
  11. McKay, J., Wright, A., Lowry, R., Steele, K., Ryde, G., & Mutrie, N. (2009). Walking on prescription: the utility of a pedometer pack for increasing physical activity in primary care. Patient Education and Counseling, 76(1), 71-76.
  12. Kassavou, A., Turner, A., & French, D. P. (2013). Do interventions to promote walking in groups increase physical activity? A meta-analysis. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 10(1), 1-12.
  13. Tudor-Locke, C., Craig, C. L., Brown, W. J., Clemes, S. A., De Cocker, K., Giles-Corti, B., ... & Blair, S. N. (2011). How many steps/day are enough? For adults. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 8(1), 1-17.
  14. Reger‐Nash, B., Bauman, A., Cooper, L., Chey, T., & Simon, K. J. (2006). Evaluating communitywide walking interventions. Evaluation and Program Planning, 29(3), 251-259.
  15. Ogilvie, D., Foster, C. E., Rothnie, H., Cavill, N., Hamilton, V., Fitzsimons, C. F., & Mutrie, N. (2007). Interventions to promote walking: systematic review. BMJ, 334(7605), 1204.

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